Since the inception of civil rule in 1999, Nigeria has grappled with the question of the most suitable democratic governance structure, having emerged from over 15 years of military rule.
The discourse has pivoted between advocating for the American-style presidential system, which Nigeria adopted between 1979 and 1983 and currently practices, and the nostalgic call for a return to the parliamentary system bequeathed by Britain at independence in 1960.
Advocates for a return to the parliamentary system argue that it would streamline governance, enhance accountability, and reduce wastage.
They propose eliminating the bicameral legislature in favor of a unicameral system, contending that this would significantly decrease the cost of governance.
In the parliamentary model, the Prime Minister, chosen from among lawmakers, leads the government, promoting efficiency and reducing executive expenses.
Conversely, proponents of the presidential system, copied from the United States in 1979, emphasize its system of checks and balances, preventing the concentration of power in any single branch of government.
They argue that this separation of powers is essential for preventing abuses of authority and ensuring accountability to the populace.
They advocate for modifying the current system to address Nigeria’s unique challenges and diversities.
The debate resurfaced recently in the House of Representatives, reigniting discussions on Nigeria’s governance structure amidst prevailing economic realities.
A bill proposing a return to parliamentary democracy passed its first reading, garnering support from approximately 60 lawmakers across party lines.
The bill aims to initiate a dialogue on transitioning to a more cost-effective parliamentary system by 2031.
Supporters of the bill highlight the imperfections of the current presidential system, citing its high cost of governance, excessive executive powers, and lack of direct accountability.
They envision a parliamentary system reminiscent of the First Republic, characterized by accountability, responsibility, and responsiveness, ultimately reducing expenses and promoting unity.
Proposed changes include replacing the President with a Prime Minister as the Head of Government and establishing the President’s role as ceremonial.
The bill also suggests electing governors and local government chairpersons from within legislative bodies, aiming to streamline administration and enhance collaboration between executive and legislative arms.
The initiative seeks to spark a national conversation, encouraging public debates and stakeholder consultations to inform decision-making on Nigeria’s governance system.
While some, like Dr. Pogu Bitrus, advocate for modifying the current presidential system to suit Nigeria’s needs, others, like former House of Assembly member Hon Yusuf Shehu, argue fervently for a return to the parliamentary system, citing its alignment with Nigeria’s diversity and lower cost.
Alhaji Yerima Shettima of the Arewa Youths Consultative Forum supports the parliamentary system for its potential to produce competent leaders and empower states, deviating from the centralization of power in Abuja.
He underscores the need for a governance model tailored to Nigeria’s context, rather than borrowing foreign frameworks.
The call for a return to the parliamentary system reverberates as Nigeria grapples with socio-political challenges, sparking a crucial dialogue on the nation’s democratic evolution.
Whether Nigeria will embrace parliamentary democracy or opt to reform the existing presidential system remains a decision for its citizens, as the nation navigates its path towards a more inclusive and efficient governance structure.
